93 тр. 24.03

24.03.2020 Іноземна мова
Тема: Позакласне читання. Демографічні дані про Велику  Британію та США

Підручник: English book 11
1. Ознайомтесь з матеріалом практичного заняття,прочитайте та перекладіть тексти, користуючись словником.

2. Складіть 7 речень, використовуючи ЛО(лексичні одиниці) текстів.

3. Виконайте граматичні вправи на закріплення теми «Утворення множини іменників».

1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies most of the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. London is the capital of England; Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, Cardiff — of Wales and Belfast — of Northern Ireland. The UK is a small country with an area of approx. 244,100 square kilometers. It occupies only 0.2 per cent of the world’s land surface. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north-west, north and south-west and separated from Europe by the North Sea in the east and by the English Channel in the south. The Strait of Dover or Pas de Calais is the narrowest part of the Channel. The North Sea and the English Channel are often called "the narrow seas"; they are not deep but are frequently rough and difficult to navigate during storms.

In the west the Irish Sea and the North Channel separate the UK from Ireland. The seas around Britain provide exceptionally good fishing grounds. The country has many bays favorable for shipping. In their shelter are Britain's main ports such as London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Hull and others.

One will not find very high mountains or large plains in Great Britain. Everything occupies very little place. Nature, it seems, has carefully adapted things to the size of the island itself. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland, 4,406 feet high. The longest river is the Severn in England, about 200 miles long.

The population of the United Kingdom is over 57 million people. Foreigners often call British people "English", but the Scots, the Irish and the Welsh do not consider themselves to be English. The English are Anglo-Saxon in origin, but the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish are Celts, descendants of the ancient people, who crossed over from Europe centuries before the Norman Invasion. It was this people, whom the Germanic Angles and Saxons conquered in the 5th and 6th centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors gave England its name — "Angle" land. They were conquered in their turn by the Norman French, when William the Conqueror of Normandy landed near Hastings in 1066. It was from the union of Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons that the English people and the English language were born.

The official language of the United Kingdom is English. But in western Scotland some people still speak Gaelic and in northern and central parts of Wales people often speak Welsh.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, Head of the State is Queen. In practice, the country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.

The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The big red cross is the cross of Saint George, the patron saint of England. The white cross is the cross of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.

2. Population and Languages / Населення й мова

It is incorrect to call the inhabitants of the UK the English. Only people outside the British Isles do so.

People of four main nationalities inhabit the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. They are: the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish.

These four nationalities make up the British nation or the Britons.

The British is the nation, whose ancestors settled in the British Isles at different times.

The density of population in Great Britain is one of the highest in the world and the average number is 220 people per square kilometer. Four out of every five people in Britain live in numerous towns and cities. This means that the majority of the population is urban.

People of different races live in the UK. They usually represent inhabitants of the former British colonies. There are also many people of Asian, West Indian and African origin living in Britain.

Until recently, British politics tended to be dominated by England, but both Wales and Scotland now have their own political assemblies, as well as they are represented in the British Parliament.

In Ireland, the political situation is difficult because of nationalism and religious views of its people.

As for the language, British law does not recognize any language as official. And the English language is not the only language that is spoken in the UK. But English is the only language used in England for general official business.

The other national languages of the UK are Welsh, Irish Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic. It is so because Welsh, Scottish and Irish people feel their national identity very strongly and value their cultural heritage.

Wales is officially bilingual. In Wales the Welsh language is used alongside English. Welsh is treated by law as an equal to English. And in Scotland over 75,000 people speak Scottish Gaelic.

Standard English or the Queen’s English is the same English language, but it is called so because it is spoken by educated people in Britain.

Besides standard literary English there exist regional and social dialects. One of such dialects which is well-known all over the world is the dialect called Cockney. Cockney is spoken colloquially in London.

Vocabulary

the English — англійці

the Scots —шотландці

the Welsh — уельсці (галлійці)

the Irish — ірландці

the British — британці

the English language (English) — англійська  мова

the Welsh language (Welsh) — валлійська мова

Gaelic ['geIlIk] — галльська  мова (відноситься до кельтської групи індоевпропейських мов; в V–VI ст. була витиснена латинською мовою)

Cockney ['kɔknI] — кокні (лондонське простомовлення)

ІІ. Складіть 5 речень за зразком, використовуючи ЛО текстів: Д/З

1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
2.  London is the capital of England; Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, Cardiff — of Wales and Belfast — of Northern Ireland.
3. I should like to learn and speak Cockney, it’s wonderful to know  something new and use it during my London trip.